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<title>Concise Command Language</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Concise Command Language</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Concise Command Language (CCL)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="OS/8" title="OS/8">OS/8</a>, <a href="TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a>, <a href="RT-11" title="RT-11">RT-11</a>, <a href="RSTS/E" title="RSTS/E">RSTS/E</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="PDP-6" title="PDP-6">PDP-6</a>, <a href="PDP-8" title="PDP-8">PDP-8</a>, <a href="PDP-10" title="PDP-10">PDP-10</a>, <a href="PDP-11" title="PDP-11">PDP-11</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="DIGITAL_Command_Language" title="DIGITAL Command Language">DIGITAL Command Language</a> (DCL)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">Command shell</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Concise Command Language</b> (CCL) was the term used by <a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> for the <a href="Command-line_interpreter" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line interpreter">Command-line interpreter</a> / <a href="User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a> supplied on several of their computing systems; its successor was named <a href="DIGITAL_Command_Language" title="DIGITAL Command Language">DIGITAL Command Language</a> (DCL).

</p><p>CCL provides the user with an extensive set of terminal commands.<sup id="cite_ref-OS8.HandB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS8.HandB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The first operating system to include CCL was DEC's <a href="TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PClark_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PClark-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="PDP-6" title="PDP-6">PDP-6</a> monitor came with a simple set of commands. To compile and run a <a href="FORTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="FORTRAN">FORTRAN</a> program, one would

</p>

<ul><li>.<i>R F4</i> --- invoke the FORTRAN compiler</li>

<li>*<i>DTA1:PROG3=DTA2:PROG3,SUB3A,SUB3B</i> --- specify binary output and source input</li>

<li>.<i>R LOADER 30</i> --- invoke the loader, allocate 30K of memory</li>

<li>*<i>DTA1:PROG3</i> --- specify binary object to load</li>

<li>*<i>SYS:/S</i> --- let the loader find the appropriate subroutine libraries</li>

<li>.<i>SAVE DTA1:PROG3</i> --- write the executable to DTA1</li></ul>

<dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>(The <i>DOT</i> is a monitor prompt and the <i>Star/Asterisk</i> is an application prompt)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<p>The PDP-10 had CCL. Key to its improvements over its predecessor were:<sup id="cite_ref-PClark_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PClark-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>multi-step commands: .EX PROG3,SUB3A,SUB3B</li></ul>

<dl><dd><dl><dd><ul><li>would check to see if any of the 3 needed to be recompiled (and did so if necessary)</li>

<li>run the object program loader (including needed subroutine libraries)</li>

<li>start running the program</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<ul><li>advanced command file: .EX @RUNPROG3.CMD</li></ul>

<dl><dd><dl><dd><ul><li>would run the command(s) in the .CMD file</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commands">Commands</h2></div>

<p>The following table contains a list of CCL commands.<sup id="cite_ref-OS8.HandB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OS8.HandB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<caption>List of CCL commands

</caption>

<th scope="col">CCL command<br>(full form)

</th>

<th scope="col">CCL command<br>(short form)

</th>

<th scope="col">Description

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">BACKSPACE

</th>

<td>BAC

</td>

<td>Runs CAMP. A <a href="Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a> or cassette is spaced backward a specified number of files or records.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">BOOT

</th>

<td>BO

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">CCL

</th>

<td>CCL

</td>

<td>Disables the CCL program on the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor residing on the system device.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">COMPARE

</th>

</td>

<td>Runs SRCCOM. Compares/shows differences between two source files. Although line by line, permits "catch up."

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">COMPILE

</th>

<td>COM

</td>

<td>Produces <a href="Binary_file" title="Binary file">binary files</a> and/or compilation listings for specified program files.

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td>COP

</td>

<td>Transfers files from one <a href="Input/output" title="Input/output">I/O</a> device to another.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">CORE

</th>

<td>COR

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">CREATE

</th>

<td>CREA

</td>

<td>Runs EDIT and opens a new file for creation.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">CREF

</th>

<td>CREF

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td>DA

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">DEASSIGN

</th>

<td>DEA

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">DELETE

</th>

</td>

<td>Deletes one or more files from disk or <a href="DECtape" title="DECtape">DECtape</a>.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">DIRECT

</th>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">EDIT

</th>

<td>ED

</td>

<td>Runs EDIT. Opens an already existing file for editing.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">EOF

</th>

<td>EOF

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">EXECUTE

</th>

<td>EXE

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td>HE

</td>

<td>Prints information on specified OS/8 programs.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">LIST

</th>

<td>LI

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">LOAD

</th>

<td>LO

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">MAKE

</th>

<td>MAK

</td>

<td>Runs TECO. Opens the specified file for output.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">MAP

</th>

<td>MAP

</td>

<td>Runs BITMAP.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">MUNG

</th>

<td>MUNG

</td>

<td>Runs a TECO Macro; command line parameters give added adaptability.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">PAL

</th>

<td>PAL

</td>

<td>Runs PAL8. Assembles the source file specified as the argument.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row"><a href="Print_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Print (command)">PRINT</a>

</th>

<td>PRI

</td>

<td>Runs a program named LPTSPL.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">PUNCH

</th>

<td>PU

</td>

<td>Runs PIP. Punches the file specified on <a href="Punched_tape" title="Punched tape">paper tape</a>.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">RENAME

</th>

</td>

<td>Renames one or more files on disk or DECtape.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">RES

</th>

<td>RES

</td>

<td>Runs RESORC.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">REWIND

</th>

<td>REW

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">SKIP

</th>

<td>SKIP

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">SQUISH

</th>

<td>SQ

</td>

<td>Runs PIP's "squeeze" / defrag tool

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">SUBMIT

</th>

<td>SU

</td>

<td>Runs the BATCH program.

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td>TE

</td>

<td>(Text Editor and COrrector, a sophisticated <a href="Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editor</a> with MACRO capabilities).

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th>

<td>TY

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">UA

</th>

<td>UA

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">UB

</th>

<td>UB

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">UC

</th>

<td>UC

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">UNLOAD

</th>

<td>UNL

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">VERSION

</th>

</td>

<td>Prints the version numbers of the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor and CCL.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th scope="row">ZERO

</th>

<td>ZERO

</td>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-OS8.HandB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OS8.HandB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OS8.HandB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Concise Command Language" (CCL).<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp8/os8/OS8_Handbook_Apr1974.pdf">"OS/8 Handbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Digital Equipment Corporation. April 1974<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-PClark-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PClark_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PClark_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Clark1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Peter Clark (July 1982). "DEC TIMESHARING (1965)". <i>The DEC Professional</i>. p. 34.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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